| Conference Program Friday, 19 May First SessionBefore the War:  The Struggle against Slavery
 The Branham Affair-Deborah Freeland, University of Mississippi
 A Second Haitian Revolution:  John Brown, Toussaint Louverture, and the Making of the American Civil War-Matt Clavin,  University of West Florida
 Second SessionTo Apply the Remedy:  The Debate over Black Enlistment
 Governor John A. Andrew:  The Homely Hero behind the Fifty-Fourth Massachusetts-John M. Hutchins
 General Lee and the Enlistment of Black Soldiers-Leonne M. Hudson, Kent State
 Third SessionEarning Their Right:  Motivations to Fight
 “That We May Restore Peace to the Union Again” and Other Reasons Why Black Ohioans Fought in the Civil War-Kelly D. Selby, Kent State
 “If You Give Us Guns We Will Fight”:  Black Southerners and the Confederacy-Jeffery S. Prushankin, Penn State—Abington College
 Saturday, 20 May Keynote Address             The Sable Arm Speaks:  Civil War Pension Files Giving Voice to Black Union Soldiers
 -Don Shaffer, University of Northern Colorado
 Fourth SessionSomething Stirring to the Record:  The Black Military Experience
 The Fort Jackson Mutiny-Sharon Heist, Smith College
 Department of the Gulf and the History of the Corps D’Afrique-Bennie J. McRae, Jr.
 Fifth SessionA Brief Moment in the Sun:  Post-war Victories and Struggles
 Slavery’s Long Grasp:  The Problem of Pensions for Dependents of USCT Veterans-David H. Slay, Texas Christian University
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